The ESC Games.

Running, jumping and throwing events. Fastest time or longest/highest mark wins. The marathon is 42.195 km.

Swimming, diving, artistic swimming and water polo. Fastest to the wall, best dive or most goals wins. LA28 adds 50 m backstroke, breaststroke and butterfly.

Lift a barbell overhead in the snatch and the clean & jerk. Heaviest combined total wins.

Horse and rider compete in dressage, jumping and eventing. Best score, fewest penalties wins. Men and women compete against each other.

Two teams of 11 try to put the ball in the other goal. Most goals wins.

Teams of five shoot through a 10 ft hoop: 2 points, 3 from beyond the arc. Most points wins. Invented in 1891 with peach baskets.

Rackets and a shuttlecock over a net. Rally-point games to 21, best of three.

Tricks on a board in a street course or park. Judges score difficulty and style. Debuted at Tokyo 2020.

Ride ocean waves, judged on manoeuvres. Each surfer’s best two waves count. Paris 2024 surfing was held in Tahiti.

Climb walls in boulder, lead and speed formats. Highest or fastest climb wins. The speed wall is 15 m tall.

Paddle on flat water or a whitewater slalom course. Fastest time wins; slalom adds gate penalties. Kayaks use a double-bladed paddle, canoes a single blade.

Races on road, track, mountain-bike trails and BMX. First over the line or fastest time wins.

Two boxers land clean punches over three rounds. Judges’ scores or a stoppage decide.

Shoot arrows at a target 70 m away. The gold centre ring scores 10.

Routines on apparatus such as rings, beam and vault, scored for difficulty and execution.

Hit the ball over the net with a racket. Win points, games, then sets.

Fast rallies with small bats on a table. Games to 11, win by two.

Teams of 11 hit a ball with sticks into the goal. Most goals wins.

Teams of six keep the ball off their floor, three touches max. Sets to 25. Beach volleyball is played in pairs.

Crews row facing backwards over 2,000 m. First boat across the line wins.

Boats race around a marked course. Points per race; lowest total wins.

Score touches with a foil, épée or sabre. Knockout bouts go to 15 touches.

Throw or pin your opponent. A full ippon wins instantly. The name means “the gentle way”.

Freestyle and Greco-Roman. Score with takedowns and holds; a pin wins outright. Greco-Roman bans holds below the waist.

Rifle, pistol and shotgun events at fixed or flying targets. Highest score wins.

Swim, bike and run back to back. First to the finish wins.

Play the course in the fewest strokes over four rounds.

Seven-a-side rugby with 7-minute halves. A try is worth 5 points.

Teams of seven pass and throw the ball into the goal. Most goals wins.

Bat, run the bases and get home. Most runs after the innings wins. Softball is played in Oklahoma City.

T20 format: each side bats for 20 overs. Most runs wins. Back at the Games for the first time since 1900.

Five-a-side, non-contact American football. Pull a flag instead of tackling. Olympic debut at LA28.

Sixes: catch, carry and shoot with a netted stick. Most goals wins. Last played at the Games in 1908.

Two players hit the ball off the front wall in turn. Games to 11. Olympic debut at LA28.

Fencing, swimming, an obstacle course, then a laser-run of shooting and running. Obstacle racing replaces riding from LA28.

Korean martial art scoring kicks and punches to target zones. Head kicks score more.